REGIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE ELECTRIC MACHINERY INDUSTRY IN THE MINAMIOSAKU DISTRICT, NAGANO PREFECTURE

概要

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After World War II, especially in the period of high growth of Japanese economy, machinery industries such as electric machinery, transport equipment, and ordinary machinery increased their production rapidly. These machinery industries include components sectors with low-productivity of labor. Because of low-productivity, these components sectors moved into the inland rural regions away from the Pacific Belt of Japan, in order to obtain cheap labor force. And at present, . these components industries have become very important elements of the local economy in the rural regions. This study deals with one of these components industries, and aims to make clear the manufactory system, the composition of labor force, and the regional structure. Industry dealt with this study is an inland type, labor-force oriented, electric machinery industry which is the most labor intensive among the industries developing in the rural regions, and mainly produces electronic components such as resistor, condensor, transformer, coil, etc. And this study investigated the case of the Minama-Saku district, Nagano Prefecture, central Japan, where the electronic components industry has been developed. Following results were made clear by this study. Manufactory System: Components factories (main factories) usually farm out a part of processes, mainly those of lower productivity, to many small workshops. In this respect, the manufactory system becomes hierarchical, being composed of components factories, branch factories, subcontract workshops and domestic workers. The spatial form of the manufactory system is that components factories are located at the central city of the region, branch factories are located at intermediate zone between the central city and the surrounding rural areas, subcontract workshops are scattered in the whole region, and housewives as domestic workers are in the surrounding areas of each factory. Such a hierarchical manufactory system has been made in order to obtain cheap labor force which is latent in the rural region, and it is also a flexible production system for reduction at depression periods. Composition of Labor Force: In this industry female laborers are more numerous than male ones in almost all factories. But the larger the scale of factories is, the lower the ratio of female is. And in the large scale factories the ratio of young laborers is high, in the small ones the ratio of middle and old-aged housewife laborers is high. Most of domestic workers is housewife laborers. In respect to a spatial aspect of the composition of labor force, the ratios of female workers to total workers, housewife workers to female workers, and farm-housewife workers to housewife workers generally increase with distance from the large scale factories located at the central city to the small scale factories in the rural areas. And the large scale factories such as components factories employ young laborers from wider areas, but the small scale subcontract workshops employ housewife laborers from narrower surrounding areas. In this way, the labor market of the electronic components industry consists of two parts in the rural region such as the Minami-Saku district, Nagano Prefecture. One is a market of young workers who find employment just at the graduation from school, other is one of converted workers from agriculture, etc, mostly housewives. These two labor markets are subdivided by the factory's ability to pay and by the latent form of relative surplus-population in the rural region.. The large scale factory depends on the former and the small scale factory on the latter. The working conditions such as wages differ in every class of the labor market.
The Association of Japanese Geographersの論文

REGIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE ELECTRIC MACHINERY INDUSTRY IN THE MINAMIOSAKU DISTRICT, NAGANO PREFECTURE

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概要

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