戦間期香港におけるアヘン専売制度の運営:極東アヘン調査委員会を中心に
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概要
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It is well known that Hong Kong was ceded to Britain as a consequence of the Opium War. However, few people know that opium prepared for smoking (prepared opium) was retailed there legally until as late as the 1940s. Up to 1914 it was boiled in preparation for consumption and retailed by private merchants. As Hong Kong was a free port, prepared opium was an important source of tax revenue for the colonial government.However, due to the increasingly global anti-opium movement, from the beginning of the 20th century many countries sought to cooperate in order to control the traffic in opium and other narcotic drugs. An international commission, the first international attempt to this end, was held in Shanghai in 1909. After the First World War, the Advisory Committee on Traffic in Opium and other Dangerous Drugs—commonly referred to as the Opium Advisory Committee (OAC)—was established within the League of Nations.Influenced by this international development, the Hong Kong government established a new monopoly system and took charge of boiling and selling prepared opium in 1914. During the inter-war period it became necessary for the British government to coordinate its opium policy in the eastern colonies with its foreign policy towards the League of Nations.Focusing upon the International Opium Commission to the Far East, proposed by Britain and sent by the League, and two international conferences on opium related to the commission, one in Geneva in 1924–25 and the other in Bangkok in 1931, this paper examines the inter-relationship between opium policy in Hong Kong and British foreign policy towards the League of Nations.The activities of the OAC were a source of pressure on the British government as it decided its opium policy in the eastern colonies. However, during discussions on the Far Eastern Commission recommendations, the Hong Kong government succeeded in convincing the home government of the difficulty of strengthening the control of opium to the extent the Commission suggested. The British government worked with other participants to water down the Commission's proposals in the Bangkok Conference and the outcome was much weaker than the Commission advocated.The significance of the international cooperation under the League lies in the fact that the colonial powers realized the importance of justifying their opium policies in the international arena. However the two opium conferences held in Geneva and Bangkok did not result in a dramatic change in opium policy in Hong Kong. It was as late as 1943 that the British government finally decided to stop selling opium in Hong Kong, which was then under Japanese rule.
- 財団法人 日本国際政治学会の論文
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