Towards Non-invasive Optical Blood Alcohol Measurement: Multi-variate Analysis of in vitro NIR Spectra

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The long-term aim of our research is to develop near infra-red spectroscopy for non-invasive measurement of blood alcohol concentrations. The absorption spectrum of ethyl-alcohol could possibly provide the means for such an approach, but the absorption bands of other molecules, such as glucose and acetaldehyde, together with the very low in vivo ethyl-alcohol concentrations (EAC), represent significant analytical challenges. Here we present results of our in vitro investigation of ethyl-alcohol absorption spectra, and the use of multiple linear regression analysis to predict EAC in the presence of glucose and acetaldehyde. We used ethyl-alcohol and mixed solutions of ethyl-alcohol, glucose, and acetaldehyde. The latter were divided into three experimental systems as ethyl-alcohol/glucose, ethyl-alcohol/acetaldehyde, and ethyl-alcohol/glucose/acetaldehyde solutions. The range of EAC used was the same as that found in blood. The results showed good correlation between the actual EAC and the predicted EAC (control; R=0.99, mean absolute error (MAE)=0.12mg/ml: glucose system; R=0.97, MAE=0.18mg/ml: acetaldehyde system; R=0.99, MAE=0.23mg/ml: glucose & acetaldehyde system; R=0.98, MAE=0.19mg/ml). We conclude that the change of glucose and acetaldehyde concentration does not measurably affect the absorption bands of ethyl-alcohol.