Pulmonary adenocarcinoma with pulmonary actinomycosis: Report of a case

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A 68-year-old man had a cough and hemosputum. He was strongly suspected of having pulmonary actinomycosis based on bronchoscopy by his primary physician. Antibiotics were started. His major complaints improved. However, the mass on chest CT showed no shrinkage. Thus, we strongly suspected lung cancer. We decided to perform surgery without a definite diagnosis. The operative procedure was a right upper lobectomy and lymph node dissection. The postoperative diagnosis was pulmonary adenocarcinoma (p-T3N1M0 stage IIIA). Actinomyces was not noted in surgical specimens. Although cases of lung cancer with pulmonary actinomycosis are very rare, an increase is anticipated due to the super-graying of society. Consideration of the coexistence of lung cancer should be given without delay when opaque pulmonary actinomycosis on antibiotic administration persists.