Effect of High Body Temperature Induced by Bath, Hot Environment and Artificial Fever on Water and Electrolyte Metabolism
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This paper summarizes the studies concerned with the effects of high body temperature induced by thermal bath, hot environment and artificial fever in humans on water and electrolyte metabolism, which is an essential regulatory mechanism in the living body for the maintenance of its internal environment, i. e. homeostasis. Also, some related changes in circulatory and adrenocortical functions were discussed.I. Thermal bath (plain water and hot spring)15 healthy men and experimental animals were studied and series of comparative measurements before and after each bathing for 10 minutes at temperature from 40 to 43°C have been performed. A rise in mouth temperature of 1.8°C was observed.1) Immediately after bathing no changes were observed in body weight and total body water (TBW). This suggests, that water loss (sweat secretion and urine) probably equals percutaneous absorption of water.2) Extracellular fluid (ECF) and plasma volume (PV) increased by 2.0% and 5.5% respectively; henmtocrit was lowered. while total blood water as well as plasma water both increased and blood cell water decreased. This result was inferred to a shift of water from intra- to extracellular fluid.3) The minute volume of urine voided after bathing showed a transient increase, whereas it immediately decreased thereafter and became also less than at the pre-bathing level.4) Plasma Na concentration was lowered after bathing, while K and Cl concentration remained unchanged. Na content of the blood corpuscle showed a rise, K content was lowered and Na/K ratio was increased.5) Reabsorption of Na, Cl as well as excretion of K in the urine increased slightly after bathing. The same tendency was also observed in bathing after an intravenous hypertonic sodium chloride solution had been previously loaded.6) As for tissue electrolytes Na increased after bathing, while K decreased in the skeletal muscle of rats.7) The permeability of Na24 across the capillary wall increased during and immediately after bathing, in dogs.8) The increases in adrenocortical activity were observed during bathing, in humans, and rats, and these are considered to play a major role in the whole processes of general adaptation of the living organism to bathing. Also the antidiuretic substance decreased during bathing.II. Hot environmentWater and electrolyte metabolism was studied by the same methods used in experiments of thermal baths, in 11 patients without signs of edema immediately prior to entering a hot room for 1 hour (40°C, relative humidity 50-58%), and 60 minutes after leaving the room. The rise in body temperature was 0.5-1.4°C.1) Hemodilution was found, when patients' sweat secretion was not abundant, after the first 30 minutes of heat exposure. Thereafter profound sweating started. At that time TBW, ECF slightly increased, plasma and whole blood water also increased, and blood cell water and hematocrit decreased. Immediately after leaving the room dehydration was found. When perspiration was profound, the early hemodilution was absent and hemoconcentration supervenes as a result of dehydration. The minute volume of urine gradually decreased after the entrance.2) No changes in plasma Na, K and Cl concentrations were observed. Electrolyte clearances, especially Na and Cl clearances fell gradually. Decreases in excretion of Na, Cl in urine was more pronounced than that of K, and these were not paralleled to GFR but to urine volume. Reabsorption of Na, Cl and water increased probably because of early sweating.3) 17KS in urine increased after 60 minutes' entrance in a hot room.III. Artificial feverWater and electrolyte metabolism during pyrogen (T. T. G.)-induced fever was observed in humans (3 healthy men and 4 patients without edema). The rise in body temperature of 2.5-3.0°C was obtained.1) ECF, TBW, ICF and PV increased slightly in the highest body temperature stage; and hemat
- 一般社団法人 日本温泉気候物理医学会の論文
一般社団法人 日本温泉気候物理医学会 | 論文
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