都市と農山漁村における児童生徒の発育,体力,運動能力の比較研究
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概要
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Measurements and comparisons were carried out on the stature, physical strength and fitness of 2, 360 boys and girls in total, aged 10 to 14, the fifth and sixth grades of elementary, and the first, second and third grades of lower secondary schools, among five different districts of a city, a farm, a fishing and two mountain villages in Akita and Iwate Prefectures of north-eastern Japan mainland. And the results were discussed from the ecological and social aspects with reference to differences among the five districts. 1) Standing and sitting heights and body weight showed the largest values in the city pupils. (Table 3 and 4 ) 2) Among the items of development of breadth, chest girth were superior in the mountain villages. The thoracal breadth and thickness were superior for fishing village and city pupils, respectively. Thoracal index (thickness vs. breadth) was supreme in the city for both male and female. (Table 3 and 4 ) 3) Skinfold was the thickest for both male and female in the city, and its lowest value was seen in the fishing village. (Table 3 and 4 ) 4) Larger Rohrer's index values were seen in both the mountain villages of Akita and Iwate. (Table 3 and 4 ) 5) Muscle strength as indicated by grip, arm, and back strengths showed higher values in the city and the farm village pupils. (Table 6 and 7 ) 6) Physical fitness measured by fundamental body movements of 50-meters running, broad jump, soft ball throwing and chinning were seen higher ability for the farm village pupils in general. At the city and fishing village pupils markedly lower values were observed at chinning. (Table 9 and 10) 7) School lunch supplied in these schools were almost the same condition except the mountain village of Iwate, where no lunch was supplied other than milk. (Table 12) 8) Surveys of nutrient intake of households carried out in these five districts showed that the differences of per capita per day intake was seen in the items of animal protein, ratio of animal and vegitable proteins, and of calcium. Animal and vegetable protein rations of the city and the fishing village, of the farm and the Akita mountain villages, and of the Iwate mountain village were 45, 40 and 27%, respectively. Calcium intakes of the city, of the fishing and the farm villages, and of the two mountain villages were about 600, 500 and 400mg, respectively. These differences shown in the survey should influenced to the development and physical fitness of the pupils in this stage of the life. (Table 13) 9) Facilities of exercise in the schools, such as the dimensions of playground and of gymnasium were the poorest in the city, and most superior in the farm villge. These differences also should be influenced to the fundamental physical fitness of the pupils in each districts. (Table 14) 10) From these results, the present author concluded that there seems still fairely marked differences in the levels of the development and the physical fitness of the pupils among these districts, and the differences of the nutritional and social environmental status surrounding them must be the main factor influenced on them.
- 日本民族衛生学会の論文
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