触読の感覚的基礎
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概要
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This article is an attempt to know how, while in Braille reading, the blind supplements his defect in visual sense by making a fairly efficient use of vibratory sense in addition to the tactile sense and pressure sense, and also to know what sort of function is being rendered by the vibratory sense in the process of Braille reading. Our experiment has been conducted by reference to the opinions of Von Frey, Katz and Geldard on the theory of vibratory sense. The experiment was divided into three stages.<BR>The first experiment dealt with the pressure, pain, cold and warm spots from four surfaces of the skins which were the surface of the skins in the Braille reading, the left side, the right side and the tip of the first finger, in both hands.<BR>The needle of the vibratory-sense measurer was applied to these sensation spots to measure the sensitivity of the vibratory sense.<BR>In the second experiment, the amplifier and oscirograph for E. E. G. was used to analyse the wave types of the finger search movement during Braille reading. The piezo-crystal was used at the contact point of the finger. The results of the two experiments were studied comparatively.<BR>In the third experiment, the actual searching movement was recorded by fixing a pen to the tip of the finger.<BR>Our findings are as follows :<BR>1) As far as the subjects in these experiments were concerned, the vibratory sense of the left first finger was more acute than that of the right first finger, and the surface of the skins of the left first finger was the most sensitive in Braille reading.<BR>2) The vibratory sense of the pressure spot of the left and right first finger was more sensitive than the pain, cold and warm spots.<BR>3) The pressure on the Braille was very weak with those whose vibratory sense was sensitive, but strong with those with whom it was not sensitive. (cf. Piezo-crystal experiment in the text)<BR>4) When the sensation spots of both first fingers were above 1280 cy. in the stimulus threshold and below 0.13 in the relative descrimination threshold, the finger search movement did not appear. This movement was observed when stimulus threshold was below 896 cy.<BR>5) At the stimulus threshold of 640 cy., the wave types of the finger search movement was with frequency 5-9 cy. and amplitude 4-16mm. on the left first finger, and with frequency 3-10 cy. and amplitude 3-18mm. on the right first finger.<BR>The Braille pressure on the Braille was weak in the second experiment for those with whom the vibratory sense was acute in the first experiment. In this case the finger search movement did not appear. Even when it happened, the frequency and amplitude of that wave type was unexceptionally small.<BR>Thus, we found that a very close relationship exists between the sensitivity of vibratory sense and the finger search movement during the Braille reading by the blind.<BR>We are led to conclude that the vibratory spots are placed on the pressure spots.
- 公益社団法人 日本心理学会の論文