弧の残効に関する一実験的研究

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In most of the previous studies of the Gibson effect, a straight line is used as a T- figure to test the after-effect of a curved line which has been inspected as the I-figure for a considerable length of time. Under this condition, the straight line looks curved eith an opposite curvature and this phenomenon is considered to be due to a kind of distortion induced by the I-figure in its surrounding field. It seems to me, however, that the apparent distortion of the T-figure namely of a straight line, is not necessarily an exact representation of the change occuring in the field. Displacement of all points along a straight line may be due not only to the previous inspection of the curve line but also to the cohesive character of a line as an integrated whole. Therefore, in this experiment, in place of a line I employd a dot as the T-figure and tried to make a thorough inquiry into the nature of the after-effect.<BR>A curved line (convex to the left, measured 4cm in its chord with 1cm of displacement at the center) was fixated for 90 seconds at its middle point from 90cm distance. Immediately after the inspection, a dot was presented with a fixation mark. The positions of the dots employed were given in Fig. 1 ; for instance, at times it was objectively 4mm right of the point where the middle point of the curved line had been (11) and at times it was 1cm right and 2cm above (3) and so forth. The perceived position of a dot was localized, either in the vertical or in the horizontal direction, by having O adjust two indicators until a dot and the indicators arranged themselves in a row. Pops of the indicators were not affected by the after effect as they were far enough from the position where as the I-figure had been presented. All of the three O's were students of psychology who had no knowledge of the aim of the experi-ment. Localization of a dot, not preceded by the inspection of the I-figure, served as a standard and the difference between it and the local zed point after inspection defined the displacement induced by the after effect. Results of the three O's were graphically shown in Fig. 3, 4 and 5. Vectoors are averages of five meaurements.<BR>First, I would like to take into consideration the direction of the displacement. According to the satiation theory developed by W, Köheler, all dots should be displaced towards the center of the curvature of the I-figure, since the displacement should occur in the direction receding from the place whrere the satiation springs from. On the conditions of this experiment, therefore, the dots in the upper half of the field should move downwards and towards the right and those in the lower half of the field should move upwards and towards the right. As you will see in Fig. 3, 4 and 5, however, the results of the three O's clearly show that the dots were displaced in general upwards and towards the right regardless of their positions in the stimulus figure. Hence, the results seem not to be in accord with the satiation theory.<BR>Secondly, I would like to compare the amounts of the displacements of the dots. If three dots placed vertically in a row are considered together, it will be seen that the displacement of the middle one was always the largest, though al of them were displaced more or less towards the right. These findings are in good agreement with the results of the previous experiments by different investigatiors who emloye a straight line as the T-figure, that the after effect resulted in the phenomental distortion of the straight line with the curvature oppsite from that of the I-figure. And it is interesting to note that what Gibson called the adaptation, the apparent decrease in the curvature of the I-figure during the inspection period, was reported by all O's, and besides, the amount of adaptation was somewhat larger on the upper half of the curved line than on the lower half.
公益社団法人日本心理学会の論文

弧の残効に関する一実験的研究

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