國字の筆順の自然的發生に就いて
スポンサーリンク
概要
- 論文の詳細を見る
1. Japanese letters, that include Chinese characters and Japanese "Kanaletters", were originally formed from the figures and properties of things in the world; and when they are written, the sequences of the strokes are determined by the factors of drawing contour figures which also represent the figures and properties of things in the world. The part which is superior according to the factors of drawing, such as of spatial orders, of Cartesian Coordinate, of Size and of Enclosure, etc., is written first and the rest are done subsequently in relatin to the former. 1)2)<BR>2. With regard to infants, about five years of age, who are instructed to copy a complex Japanese letter, the sequences of the strokes are all the same as those of drawing, while with us adults, there dominate especially the physiolo-mechanical factors against the psychological ones; in other words, the letters are written from left and upper side to right and lower side, and those parts which had psychological superiorities when the letters were seen as figures are done now subsequently.<BR> 3. In order to find the cause of this difference between adults and infants, and as we assume that the writing orders in adults have developed-themselves from those of infants according to some needs necessary to our practical writing situations. we take the infants into the situations which have such needs or conditions. If the sequences of the strokes in infants change, in these situations, into those of adults, we may justly say that these needs or conditions are the inquired cause.<BR><I>EXPERIMENTS</I> 1: In the first place, eight Kana-letters, were presented one by one to be copied by the infants. The result was that almost all the letters were written like figures; for axample, was begun with the bigger, horizontal groundline which had the psychological superiority to the other parts, while in us adults the smaller but upper horizontal line comes first, which is superior owing to the spatial orders.<BR>2: In the second place, fi ve of these Kana-letters were arranged vertically and so closely that they looked as a compact whole.(Fig. 1 in Japanese text.) With these copies, 14% of the writing orders was transformed naturally into those of adults. Though the percentage is low, we may say that this transformation came about under the influence of the above-mentioned conditions, for the writing orders of the infants have common, figural tendencies, and so far as one letter only is presented, very few transformations into adults' orders are seen.<BR>3: Thirdly, in order to hasten the slow tempo of infants, we brought two of them into competition of writing the same copy as used in 2. In this series, the percentage of the natural transformation into adults' orders was greatly increased, ranging from 42 to 100%, which must be considered to be the results of the conditions of this series.<BR><I>CONSIDERATIONS</I>. When we analyse the processes thus transformed, the characteristics are as follows.<BR>1. The direction of every stroke does not change at all from what is done with a separate letter or with figures.<BR>2. The no-touch processes which exist between such strokes now come to the front, they tend to take the most smooth and shortest cut of all the possible ways as are shown in Fig. 2, in which 'A' shows the transformed. This also proves the dominant participation of the physiolo-mechanical factors in these transformed cases.<BR>3. In this way, when the infants are required to write letters in haste, not separate one by one where no regard to the following letters is needed, but as a vertical whole, in which the letters are closely arranged and have new properties owing to their positions, they begin naturally with the upper part of this whole according to the factors of spatial orders, and go on the shortest and the most smooth way to reach the lower end of it; these traces thus formed are the same as what are done by us adults habitually.
- 公益社団法人 日本心理学会の論文