非行者に対する心理療法の効果
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概要
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Seventy Inmates were studied at a reformatory in the United States where an intensive psychotherapy program was carried out. Those who have had professional group therapy or individual therapy (N=22) were compared with those who have had only non-professional treatment (N=32, counseling by officers or teachers) and those who have had no particular treatment except for occupational training (N=16). As a result, it was found that 1) psychotherapy helped the development of feeling of emotional change and maturity (Table 1), that 2) it helped the decrease of violation of rules in reformatory (Table 2), and that 3) such effects were more frequently observed with those whose delinquency was regarded as more influenced by emotional disorder (unsocialized aggressive pattern plus mixed pattern) than those whose delinquency was regarded as more influenced by sub-cultural acculturation (socialized delinquents). This difference in effects seemed to be more pronounced in the feeling of change and maturity than in the decrease of actual violation (Table 3, 4). Therefore it seems to be inadequate to conclude that psychotherapy solves the emotional problems of individuals without solving the problems of sub-cultural acculturation and identification. As far as the institutional adjustment is concerned, we should rather hypothesize that the difficulty to deal with socialized delinquents and their sub-cultural acculturation is in the process of ordinary type of psychotherapy itself.
- 公益社団法人 日本心理学会の論文