Empirical formula for mass transfer across the boundary between convections in a two-layer system.
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概要
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When a two-layer system which consists of water (upper layer) and an aqueous solution (lower layer) is heated from one side and cooled from the opposite side, a convection starts in each layer and a sharp horizontal boundary is formed by the two flows in opposite directions. The empirical formula for the transfer of a solute across the boundary was obtained by measuring the change in the concentration of a solute in the upper layer. The flux, <I>W</I><SUB>A</SUB>, of a solute, A, was expressed by<BR><I>W</I><SUB>A</SUB>=<I>a</I><SUB>3</SUB>(<I>Δ</I>ρ<SUB>1</SUB>–<I>Δ</I>ρ<SUB>0</SUB>)<I>D</I><SUP>0.5</SUP>(<I>Δc</I><SUB>I</SUB>⁄<I>Δ</I>ρ<SUB>2</SUB>).<BR>Here, <I>a</I><SUB>3</SUB> is the mass-transfer coefficient; <I>Δ</I>ρ<SUB>1</SUB>, the density difference between the liquid on the heated wall and that on the cooled wall; <I>Δ</I>ρ<SUB>0</SUB>, the value of <I>Δ</I>ρ<SUB>1</SUB> at which the convections start; <I>D</I>, the diffusion coefficient of a solute; and <I>Δc</I><SUB>I</SUB> and <I>Δ</I>ρ<SUB>2</SUB>, the concentration difference and the density difference, respectively, between the solution of the upper layer and that of the lower layer.
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