Phase transition behavior and membrane structure of monoalkyl amphiphiles.

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Membrane structure and crystal-liquid crystal phase transition behaviors were investigated for two kinds of artificial amphiphiles with single alkyl chain and <I>N</I>-benzylideneaniline moiety. These artificial amphiphiles showed both thermotropic and lyotropic mesomorphisms in a similar manner to biological lipids. Artificial amphiphile with one polar head group formed the multilayer liposome even in a low concentration region of amphiphile/water system. Artificial amphiphile with two polar head groups at both ends of the molecule does not form the multilayer liposome but forms monomolecular lamellae. Addition of cholesterol to the two polar-headed amphiphile changed its aggregated structure drastically from monomolecular lamellae to large single liposomes composed of monomolecular layer. In the case of two polar-headed amphiphile/water system, two endothermic peaks were observed, which were assigned to gel I to gel II and gel II to mesophase transitions. These transitions may correspond to meltings of partial and whole part of hydrophobic portion in amphiphilic molecule, respectively.
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