Thermal and ferroelectric properties of (S)-2-methylbutyl esters of .ALPHA.-substituted 4-(4-alkoxybenzoyloxy)cinnamic acid.

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Three homologous series of (S)-2-methylbutyl esters of α-substituted 4-(4-alkoxybenzoyloxy)cinnamic acid Ia (α-H), Ib (α-CH3), and Ic (α-CN) have been synthesized and their thermal and ferroelectric properties have been investigated. The mesomorphic transition temperatures for the homologous series (Ia, Ib, and Ic) depend on the α-substituents as well as the terminal alkoxyl chain length. In comparison with Schiff base analogues, the transition temperatures from the isotropic phase to smectic A for all the homologous series are a little lower; however, their transition temperatures from the smectic A phase to chiral smectic C show significantly different features. The thermal stability of the chiral smectic C phase has been discussed from the view point of the local intermolecular dipole–dipole interaction in the homologous series (Ia, Ib, and Ic) and the Schiff base analogues. The spontaneous polarization for the homologous series is in the order of the homologues: Ib>Ia>Ic and their polarity is negative for Ia and Ib and positive for Ic homologues, respectively. These results have also been discussed in terms of the α-substituent effect on the spontaneous polarization.
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