人子宮内膜の電子顕微鏡的研究
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概要
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The endometrium of the human sexually mature female reveals the regular menstrual cycle, namely, proliferative, secretory and bleeding phases. The phase to which the endometrial cell belongs can easily be differentiated. On this basis, the author aimed his investigation on the relation between the electron-microscopic ultra fine structure of cells and their functions.<BR>The fresh endometrium was immediately fixed for 1 to 2 hours in a cold room, with 1% solution of osmic acid adjusted to pH 7.4 by 1/100 M of phosphate buffer and also brought to isotonic by 0.25 M of sucrose. After being washed with distilled water several times, it was dehydrated by ethanol, embeded in methacrylate and cut into ultra-thin sections to be observed under an electron microscope.<BR>Two kinds of cells, dark and clear, were observed in the glandular epithelium of the endometrium throughout proliferative and secretory phases. The darkness of the cell was due to the number of freely scattered Palade's particles. In general, dark cells outnumber the clear ones in the proliferative phase, and vice versa in the secretory phase.<BR>There were definite cyclic changes in the cytoplasm of glandular epthelial cells, with no clear changes in the nucleus.<BR>In the proliferative phase, the mitochondria were small and dark, endoplasmic reticula were few and chiefly vesicular, and Golgi complex was also small. Palade's particles, however, were densely scattered, and the dark cells generally exceeded in this phase.<BR>In the secretory phase, the number of free Palade's particles in cytoplasma decreased, while the clear cells increased. Many cytoplasmic organella appeared in the cytoplasm of the inflated glandular epithelial cells. Mitochondria became larger and their number increased. Their matrixes were both dark and clear. Endoplasmic reticulum increased remarkably, and besides the vesicular type, lamellar and vacuolar types also appeared. Golgi complex also enlarged. In the late secretory phase, these organella were observed in the upper part of the cell, and the lumenal cell surface projected in the lumen.<BR>In the regenerative phase, dark cells increased again and the glandular epithelium resembled that in the proliferative phase.<BR>Conclusions drawn from the above mentioned study were as follows. It was chiefly, freely scattered Palade's particles that had a great influence on the proliferation of glandular epithelial cells of the endometrium. Golgi complex, and endoplasmic reticulum, especially lamellar and vacuolar types, were a great factor in the secretion. And secretion done mainly by apocrine gland type, and partially by eccrine gland type.<BR>In the s truma cell, a small change of nucleus and a great cyclic change of cytoplasm were observed. In the proliferative phase a few mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, which were chiefly vesicular, appeared in the cytoplasm, while in the secretory phase, there were many organella in the cytoplasm of enlarged cells. Mitochondria were enlarged and most of matrices had changed to clear. The increase of endoplasmic reticulm was especially noticeable. And all types has increased, especially lamellar, vacuolar and their intermediate types. Their natures were similar to those of glandular epithelial cells in the secretory phase. In the event of pregnancy, the struma cell changed to decidual cell and its picture in secretory phase became more marked.<BR>As already discussed, in cells of the glandular epithelium secretory phenomena and the endoplasmic reticulum were closely related, especially the existence of a large number of endoplasmic reticulum in lamellar and vacuolar types, revealed the active secretory function.<BR>It was further observed from the above mentioned study on the struma cells, that decidual cells and also struma cells in secretory phase have some secretory function.
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