対人相互作用場面におけるユニット的ノンバ-バル行動の特性 (対人的相互作用<特集>)

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When a nonverbal behavior releases another one, these two can be called a “unit nonverbal behavior (UNB) ”. This study examined UNBs by analyzing sequential patterns of behaviors which regularly occurred in a face-to-face interactive situation. Interactions of twenty pairs of college students of the same sex were video-recorded for fifteen minutes, and three minute periods were taken as samples from each interaction. Occurrences of ten nonverbal items were recorded by an event-recorder and their frequencies (f), total durations (t), mean durations (m) were obtained. The items were speech, gaze, smile, turning away, nodding, forward leaning, backward leaning, body movement, arm movement, and hand movement. Since there were some significant correlations between f, t, and m of each item, thirteen variables were selected from the thirty variables (f, t, and m of the ten items). Factor analysis of the thirteen variables yielded four factors; Activity, Relaxation, Contact, Speech. Some pairs of these factors occurred successively with an interval of one, two, or three seconds, within subject or between subjects. Sequential analysis done with the criterion of an interval of no more than three seconds showed significant patterns of Speech→Contact Relaxation Speech within subject, and Activity→Activity between subjects. It is thus assumed that UNBs are often constructed of these patterns. These behavioral patterns were positively correlated with psychological indices of positive affection. The findings obtained in this study suggest usefulness of the analysis of UNBs to investigate interactive processes in face-to-face situation. This line of approach will promote further studies which attempt to disclose the meaning and function of UNBs.

著者

伊藤哲司
名古屋大学

対人相互作用場面におけるユニット的ノンバ-バル行動の特性 (対人的相互作用<特集>)

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