模擬被災状況における避難行動力学に関する実験的研究-3-PM式リ-ダ-シップ条件の効果

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The purpose of the present study was to mvestigate experimentally the effect of leadership behavior in a simulated panic situation on escape behavior. The percentage of successful escaping, the degree of jam, and the occurrence of the aggressive and concessive responses were examined. In this experiment, according to PM leadership theory, 4 conditions of 1eadership types, e. g., PM type, planning P type, pressure P type, and M type were set up. 372 university students was divded into groups of 6 members of the same sex. Among the above groups, 32 groups were assigned to experiment l and 30 groups were allocated to experiment 2. In experiment 1, leadership conditions were introduced immediately after the beginning of the experiment. On the other hand, in experiment 2, the leader did not show any behavior for the first 30 seconds. An experimental group was composed of 6 subjects and l confederate. For the subjects, the leader was supposed to be elected by the lot drawing procedure. The leader's task was to givestatements and directions to the other 6 members. His leadership behavior was of the PM, planning P, pressure P, and M types which are described in the PM Ieadership theory. The PM behavior is a combined type of planning P and M. The leader's planning P behavior is to indicate definitely the refugees (IND), order them (ORD), supporting their escape (SUP). Concretely, the leader's planning P behavior was expressd in the statements such as "evacuate at first starting from the left or right wings!, " "escape orderly one after another!, " etc... On the other hand, pressure P behavior was expressed in the statements such as "hurry up!, " "there is no time left!, " etc... The statements expressed by the leader in the M condition were of the "take it easy!, " "don't be nervous!, " "there is long time left!, " etc... The results were as follows: 1. The ratio of successful escape was the highest in the PM condition, next to which comes the planning P condition the M condition, and last the pressure P condition. As for the degree of jam, the erder is lust the reverse. That is, the lowest degree was found in the PM condition, and the highest in the pressure P condition. 2. Frequency of aggressive or concessive behavior was the highest in the pressure P condition, next to which comes the M condition, the planning P condition, and last the PM condition. 3. The ratio of appropriateness of the leader's behavior as perceived by the subjects was the highest in the PM condition, next to which comes the planning P condition, and last the M condition. As for the degree of subjects' bother about the sequential click sound which showed elasping time, it was the highest in the M type condition, next to which comes the planning P type condition, and last the PM type condition.
日本グループ・ダイナミックス学会の論文

模擬被災状況における避難行動力学に関する実験的研究-3-PM式リ-ダ-シップ条件の効果

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