資本主義成立期のアメリカにおける経営理念の特徴--「ハンツ商人誌」(一八三九〜六四年)による

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The 'economic ethics' or 'business creeds' as evinced in Hunt's "Merchants' Magazine, and Commercial Review", 51 vols. are so to speak the 'secularized Puritan ethics' themselves, considering from the fact that the editor and proprietor Freeman Hunt was called the 'worthy successor to B. Franklin' by I. G. Wyllie. The motives and causes of secularization of American Puritan ethics are these: the democratic influence derived from the French and American Revolutions, the humanizing influence from the Enlightenment, and the religious influences from the Greating Awakening and especially from the spirit of "Unitarianism".<BR>For instance, many of the writers of the magazine are the Unitarians, such as Edward Everett, Nathan Appleton, Amos Adams Lawrence, T.W. Higginson, G. W. Burnap, Orville Dewey, R.W. Emerson, Theodore Parker, W. E. Channing, James Martineau and B. Bussey. The businessmen whose biographies were inserted, such as Joseph Peabody, Amos and Abbott Lawrences, and the statesmen who were referred to, such as Daniel Webster, are also all Unitarians. Though Transcendentalists like Emerson and Parker took the strong Anti-Mammonistic attitude.<BR>In the magazine we also find the detailed explanation of the ideal images of American Businessmen and the 'advantages, benefits and blessings' which accompany their callings. Moreover, this national characteristics were emphasized from the geographical and social standpoints. For instance in vol. 24, Rev. H.W. Beecher, in his article 'the Benefits and Evils of Commerce', argued "the States of North America are to be the Commercial Center of the Globe", because "both sides of the Globe are ours by our position, and ours is the land of two oceans". This advantageous position of the U.S. may have given stimulus to the thinking of "Manifest Destiny" in the 'Gilded Age', though T.W. Higginson and G.S. Boutwell, both famous writers, are Anti-Imperialists. As regards to the social characteristics of America, in vol.1, the once Secretary of State, E. Everett, in his article, 'Accumulation, Property, Capital and Credit', asserted that there were "no antagonism between Capital and Labor", and also the famous Boston cotton manufacturer, Nathan Appleton in his article 'Labor, its Relations, in Europe and the United states, compared' (vol.11) said that "Property or Capital is the accumulated labor of the past". From these special viewpoints and national traits the American <I>entrepreneurs</I> had the secularized Puritan value systems and the spirit of enterprise and their expansive way of business management, and also their special attitude about labor relations.

著者

天川潤次郎
関西学院大学

資本主義成立期のアメリカにおける経営理念の特徴--「ハンツ商人誌」(一八三九〜六四年)による

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