対人距離の変化が非言語的行動に及ぼす影響 : 性と二者の親密度を考慮して

概要

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The primary purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of a change in interpersonal distance on nonverbal behaviors. At the same time, the effects of sex and dyadic intimacy on nonverbal behaviors were also investigated. The nonverbal behaviors examined in this study consisted of gaze, eye-to-eye contact (EC), smile, head orientation (HO), body orientation, body lean, and utterances. Thirty-six undergraduates (18 males and 18 females) were asked to interact in same-sex pairs. The major findings were as follows. (1) The results provided general support for the affiliative conflict theory. However, when the dyad was very intimate, an increase or decrease in interpersonal distance did not cause any compensatory shift in EC nor in the mean duration of smile. (2) Only the total duration of HO and EC were significantly influenced by sex; males engaged in more HO and less EC than females. (3) The effect of dyadic intimacy reached marginal significance only on EC. The more intimate the dyad, the more the dyad engaged in EC activities.