バールの構想と分断克服への道 : ブラントの東方政策の立役者と冷戦の終焉
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概要
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The purpose of this paper is to examine Egon Bahrs concepts and its implications for the end of the Cold War in Europe by using new archival sources including the Willy Brandt Archive and the Egon Bahr Depositorium of the Friedrich Ebert Foundation in Bonn. Bahrs concepts and Willy Brandts Ostpolitik have been criticized for underestimating the importance of the Western unity and for finally delaying the Germany unification. This paper considers whether Bahrs concepts about the European Security System and Brandts Ostpolitik did endanger the Western unity because of their longterm strategy for German unification within an all-European security system or not.First, this paper describes Bahrs concepts by focusing on his models concerning the European Security System. His long-term aim was to create a new all-European security system that would have made it possible to overcome the division of Germany and Europe through a dissolution of the NATO and the Warsaw Pact. He conceived a political integration of Western Europe with the aim of supranationality as an unfortunate phenomenon, but thought that in the short- and middle-term the ties of the Federal Republic with its Western allies ware very important for a successful Ostpolitik.Second, this paper analyzes the German-Soviet negotiations leading to the conclusion of the Moscow Treaty on 12 August 1970 especially by drawing attention to the problem of opening the European Security Conference. Brandt and Bahr repeatedly stressed that the Federal Republic could only safely seek an opening to the East, if it kept its feet firmly embedded in the West. This paper explores the process of coordination with the Western allies in the same context by focusing on the so called “Bonner Vierergruppe” and the issues of right and responsibility of the Four Powers for matters related to Germany as a whole and the status of Berlin. It, thus, intends to present that close and continuing contacts with the three Western Powers (the USA, Great Britain and France) were important regarding their support for the Ostpolitik. This study hopes to offer a new interpretation both of Bahrs concepts and the interaction between Ost- und Westpolitik during Brandts chancellorship.