一九七〇年代及び一九八〇年代におけるフランスの「抑止、防衛、デタント」政策
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This paper deals with the way France conceived the transition of the world order from the bilateralism under East–West confrontation to the Post-cold war era. It is less about French contribution to the ending of the cold war itself than about her resistance to the American and Soviet domination over European security which led to the European Security and Defense Identity (ESDI). As a matter of fact, Europe needed to affirm its own identity on security issues within the framework of the occidental collective defense in order to overcome the division of Europe, kept in place by an Iron Curtain. From these points of view, the paper examines how the French 3D-Dissuasion, Defense and Détente-policy led to the conception and the emergence of the ESDI.3D policy was first established within the Harmel report adopted by North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1967. Based on this policy were the Mutual and balanced forces reduction (MBFR) conversation between members of NATO and Warsaw Pact Organization (WPO), as well as the bilateral negotiation between the United States and the Soviet Union towards the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) treaty, concluded in 1987. The sequence of these events concerned the American notion of Arms Control elaborated through 1959 to 1960. France was though against the notion of Arms Control and criticized certain aspects of the INF treaty or at least the way it has been negotiated. She also refused to participate to the MBFR conversation. Thus, French policy appeared to go against the 3D spirit of the Harmel report, despite the fact that she had participated to its elaboration in the past.France did, however, conduct her own 3D policy. This study on the French 3D policy throughout the 1970s and the 1980s has been framed by two major points. The first one is the opposition between the French disarmament concept and the Arms Control concept. The second one is the so called ‘ATTU (Atlantic to Urals) zone’ as a geographical extent of Frances and Europes security. Those considerations have brought to light the contrast between the interests on security issues of a superpower on the one hand and a middle power on the other hand. While the United States were concerned about their global responsibilities, France intended to preserve its autonomy and keep maintaining peace in Europe within the Atlantic Alliance.