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In 1972, one year prior to the 1973 Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO) Convention, a special committee made up of representatives from the Ministry of Transportation, Japan Ship's Machinery Development Association, shipbuilders, and oil/water separator manufacturers launched a three-year research/development program to devise an improved load-on-top (LOT) system. The system, designed to automatically monitor, record, and control the rate and amount of oil discharge at sea, was completed in 1975 following exhaustive tests at Nagasaki Technical Institute of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, and installed in the “ALRIYADH, ” a 237, 000 tdw Mitsubishi-built Japanese tanker. The system for this particular ship application was designed with two 100 t/ h-capacity oil/water separators, two kinds of oil content meters, monitoring instrument, etc., and in 1976 put to full-scale shipboard tests four times during the ship's ballasted voyages between Japan and Middle East. The shipboard test showed that the improved load-on-top system could completely satisfy the oil discharge standards adopted by the 1973 IMCO Convention and, at the same time, provided valuable clues to the further refinement of the system. With its basic design for tanker application now completed, the improved load-on-top system can readily be installed in tankers.