職業性歯牙酸蝕症に関する研究--バッテリ-工場従業員におけるレプリカ法による遂年的検討
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概要
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I studied a sample of 159 workers employed in various departments of a battery factory, so that adequate measures for prevention of occupational dental disease and workplace reassignment could be established. Workers in an environment where acid fumes were produced were studied by the macroscopic method established by our laboratory and by the replica method of Hayashi (G<SUB>0</SUB>-G<SUB>4</SUB>). Further, the same workers were subjected to a four-year consecutive study for a comparison of the results of the two methods. The volume of acid in the work environments under study was 0.475mg/kg on the average, which is much lower than the maximum permissible standard of 1mg/kg. I obtained the following results:<BR>1) About half the workers under study complained of some dental disease or other. These inclueded such complaints as stinging pain in the anterior teeth when inhaling cold air, stinying pain in the anterior teeth when at work, and occasional unpleasant feeling in the front teeth.<BR>2) In terms of age, the majority of those who complained of dental disease were in their twenties. However, in terms of the length of time they were engaged in this occupation, the majority fell in the 6 to 10 year bracket.<BR>3) More diseased teeth were found in the mandible than in the maxilla, disease occurring most often in the mandibular central incisors. The incidence of disease in the maxillary incisors was small. The percentage of diseased teeth increased in proportion to the number of years spent in the occupation.<BR>4) Although the findings of the replica method gave a high distribution for G<SUB>2</SUB> and G<SUB>3</SUB> (77.5%) in the first year, with the passage of time G<SUB>2</SUB> decreased while G<SUB>3</SUB> increased.<BR>5) With regard to individuals during the four-year suvey period, the percentage of diseased teeth increased linearly with the passage of time. Although the subjects worked in an environment containing less acid than the legal limit, acid erosion of their teeth was observed when they continued in their occupation for a considerable length of time. With the replica method, it was possible to observe the transition from G<SUB>0·1</SUB> to G<SUB>3</SUB>.<BR>6) When comparing the marcroscopic and replica methods, 48-65% of the macroscopically normal cases (E<SUB>0</SUB>) and 70-80% of the macroscoscopically dubious cases (E<SUB>±</SUB>) were found the be G<SUB>2</SUB> or G<SUB>2</SUB> when examined by the replica method.<BR>7) Since it is possible to discover early cases of acid erosion by microscopic examination with the replica method, workers can be reassigned to a safer place of work either immediately or later, depending on the degree of the erosion.
- 有限責任中間法人 日本口腔衛生学会の論文