High temperature injuries in tomato. IV.:Development of normal flower buds and morphological abnormalities of flower buds treated with high temperature

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概要

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• The investigations were conducted (i) to study the normal development of both macro- and microspores of tomato plants grown at 20°C during the experiment, considering the relation between their developmental stage and the duration expressed as the days before anthesis, and (ii) to observe the morphological abnormalities of tomato flower buds treated with high temperature of 40°C for three hours each in two days at the stages of ten to one days before anthesis. Tomato plants (cv. Fukuju No. 2), sown on March, grown in greenhouse in Tokyo, and treated with high temperature on May 9 and 10, were used as materials.The development of normal flower buds was as follows.Development of microspore: Nine days before anthesis, meiosis, pollen tetrads. Seven days before, pollen tetrads separated into pollen grains. Four days before, two-nucleate pollen has germinating pores. Three days before, pollen matured.Development of macrospore: Eight days before anthesis, meiosis. Seven days before, functioning macrospore (three macrospores degenerated). Six to three days before, macrospore one, two, four, and eight nuclei. Two to one days before, antipodal cells degenerated, synergids pear-shaped, polar nuclei fused into central nucleus.Both macro- and microspore mother cells in meiosis stages (nine to eight days before anthesis) were easily affected by the high temperature treatment. Pollen tetrads became degenerated, and were deeply stained, but in the samples fixed five days after the treatment, it was observed that their contents became empty and poorly stained. The macrospore mother cells were also degenerated and their developmental stages were delayed.The injuries of high temperature to both macro- and microspores decreased with the advance of the stage of flower buds. In three to one days before anthesis no morphological disturbance by the treatment was observed in pollen or ovules.High temperature might not cause any morphological abnormalities to the flower buds younger than meiosis stages.

• 園芸学会の論文

著者

• 岩堀 修一

  東京大学農学部

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• High temperature injuries in tomato. IV.:Development of normal flower buds and morphological abnormalities of flower buds treated with high temperature

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