富士市にみられる甘藍跡玉葱の生育障害について,蔬菜産地における土壌の生産力低下の1例として(第1報)

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In Fuji district, Shizuoka Prefecture, known for its production of Fuji-Wase cabbage, rice is grown in summer under paddy field conditions and is followed by cabbages, which are, as winter crops, sown in July and September, transplanted following rice and harvested throughout winter and in April respectively. Onion and barley are also grown as winter crops, and the growth of onion planted the year following cabbage with a rice crop in summer has been recognized to be inferior to that of the control, that is, onion following barley or onion itself. This phenomenon seems to be peculiar in this district and prevents onion production to extend. The data presented here have been obtained from investigations carried out in 1953 and 1954 and may be summarized as follows. 1. Onion following cabbage grows very poorly throughout winter, and this poor growth is most strikingly accentuated in March and April, resulting in 30 to 70% reduction of yield in comparison with the control crop. Neither disease nor deficiency symptom, however, can be found to occur particulary following cabbage. 2. Total N content of the top of onion following cabbage is lower in the early stage, comes up to the same level with that of the control in April and later is kept higher till harvest, while that of the control plants attains the highest value in April and then decreases. P and K contents are considerably lower following cabbage and the differences from those of the control are most remarkable in April and especially in P content, which can be little restored till harvest. Ca and Mg contents are also lower following cabbage in early stage of the growth and restored later to almost the same levels with those of the control. In the contents of these nutrient elements in the bulb, however, no consistent differences can be recognized. 3. The soils of this district are inclined to be acid in general and especially following cabbage the soil is conspicuously acid perhaps because of heavy manuring of ammonium sulfate fertilizer for cabbage crop without liming. Thus following cabbage, pH is lower, Daikuhara acidity y_??_ is larger and exchangeable Ca content is lower than following barley or onion, while there can be found no consistent nor remarkable differences in exchangeable Mg and K contents and in available P extracted by 1/5 N HCl or 2/1000 N H2SO4 (pH 3.0). Moreover, it is observed that the growth of onion following cabbage is as satisfactory as that of the control when two soils do not differ in pH. 4. Amount of ammonium sulfate fertilizer for cabbage crop is at least 1500 lbs. per acre and in some cases as much as 3000 lbs. per acre is used without liming, while P and K are not fertilized sufficiently. For onion crop N is also overfertilized and P and K fertilization seems to be appropriate except that all amount of P fertilizer and compost are topdressed a month after transplanting instead of basic application. 5. Increased application of P fertilizer, superphosphate, as basic manure increases the yield of onion regardless with the preceding crops and liming immediately befor onion transplanting is not effective in general, except in the case acidity is especially strong following cabbage. 6. It may be concluded from these results that the inferior growth and reduced yield of onion following cabbage are due to the stronger acidity of the soil following cabbage together with the failure of P absorption or nutrition resulting from it.
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富士市にみられる甘藍跡玉葱の生育障害について,蔬菜産地における土壌の生産力低下の1例として(第1報)

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