水耕法によるりんご樹の養分吸収に関する研究(第1報) : 未結果樹のN, P, Kの吸収過程について

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1. At the Horticultural Division of National Tohoku Agricultural Experiment Station, the authors have continued their attempt to culture apple trees in nutrient solution, and to grow normally throughout 4-5 years successively. 2. In 1951 and 1952, two-year-old non-bearing apple trees, of American Summer Pearmain, McIntosh, Jonathan, Starking Delicious, and Ralls Janett, grown in nutrient solution previously for a year, were cultured successively to study the sea-sonal nutrient (N, P, K) absorption. 3. 35-l grazed earthenware pots were used. During the season, the solution was aerated by bubbling method continuously, and was changed every other weeks at. the same time, chemical analysis of the solution and the measurement of plant growth(total weight, shoot length, etc.) were performed. The composition of the nutrient solution used were modified HOAGLANDS formula (Table 1), and in these solutions, enough residual nutrient ions were found even at the end of two weeks period. 4. It was proved from this study that, in water culture, apple trees are able to be grown more vigorously than the field condition, 5 years or more successively. 5. N absorption increased gradually from the time of growth start to midsummer, in parallel with the rising of atmospheric (water) temperature and growth increase, and reached its maximum at the time of the highest temperature (late July to early August). Then it decreased gradually with the descent of temperature, and, consequently, the N absorption after defoliation was little. Thus, seasonal absorption of N by apple trees in water culture was closely related to the change of atmospheric (water) temperature. 6. The seasonal absorption curves of K were quite different from that of the nitrogen. K absorption increased rapidly at the biginning of early growth, and reach its highest point in the early or middle June, when the shoots began their active growth. This highest level of K absorption continued for a while, till most shoots terminate their growth, however with several fractuations in the course. Then decline of absorption was apparent in accord with the decrease of shoot growth. Apparently, absorption of K related closely to the growth of shoots. 7. The absorption curve of phosphorous was quite analogous to that of N, but, in this case, there was no maximum and absolute amount of absorption was much less than that of N absorption. 8. The absorption process of water (transpiration) was almost identical with that of atmospheric temperature, accordingly this process was analogous to that of nitrogen. The quantity of the absorbed water throughout the season was unexpectedly great. 9. It seems to be found there are some correlations between the nitrate absorption and growth of fibrous roots. 10. With few exceptions, the nutrient absorptions, especially N, were closely related to the growth rate of trees. 11. The mean absorption ratio of N, P, K wereseparately 100:13. 3:46.3. 12. The varietal difference of nutrient absorption process could not be ascertained. 13. The model figure for the seasonal absorption process of N, P, K and water, and for growth process is shown in Fig. 11.
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水耕法によるりんご樹の養分吸収に関する研究(第1報) : 未結果樹のN, P, Kの吸収過程について

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