わが国の主要都市内部における人口密度の距離的変化
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概要
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There are many surveys of cities in the world on the regularity known as C. Clarks model of urban population densities indicating that population density varies with distance from the center of the city according to the equation Dx=D0e-bx where Dx is the population density at distance x from the center. D0 is the density at the center, e is the base of the natural logarithms, and b is a natural logarithm measuring the rate of change of density with distance. However, the survey of Japanese cities are rather few, hence applicability of this model was tested for fifteen Japanese cities, selected from the cities with population of more than 100, 000 located in the central part of Japan. Those are Tokyo, Ôsaka, Nagoya, Kyoto, Yokohama, Shizuoka, Wakayama, Gifu, Sakai, Utsunomiya, Chiba, Kofu, Toyohashi, Nara and Hachioji.The data used in this survey are those for 1965 based on the grid square comprising nearly one square kilometre made by Bureau of Statistics, Office of the Prime Minister.The principal facts observed in this survey are as follows.(1) This regularity is applicable for all of this cities except for Yokohama and Sakai those which are included in the contiguous urban built-up area of Tokyo and Osaka respectively.(2) The value of the density gradient, “b”, is highly associated with the population size of DID of the city, that is, it reduces according to the size of DID population. However, it seems to be affected duely by landforms surrounding the city.(3) Clarks model has better fitness in case of daytime population than in case of resident population in Tokyo.(4) Large variations of the values of “b” due to difference of directions from the center of the city are found not only in Tokyo but also in Ôsaka.From these observations it can be concluded that Clarks model is applicable for principal cities of Japan, and that other generalizations regarding this model which have been observed in other countries such as USA and UK may be drawn in Japan.
- 東北地理学会の論文
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