漁業紛争からみた近世村落の相互関係--牡鹿半島を例に
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概要
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Generally speaking, the relation between units of society is either in order or in conflict with each other. In the conflict condition, the relation of a unit of society to other unit contains not only confrontation (A↔B) but also concord (A·B↔C). Many studies on the conflict with regard to fishery in Edo era have been concerned with the confrontation (A↔B) and little with the concord (A·B↔C).The author intends to analyse historically the interrelation between units of kinseisonrakus in the conflict condition, from the view point of the both phases, confrontation and concord. The Ojika Peninsula in Tohoku is selected as the study area, where many conflicts concerning fishery in Edo era had been occured, and a kinseisonraku was probably composed of a nuclear settlement.The Hiratsuka's family documents, the Yamaguchi's family documents and other documents are used here as the historical materials.The results of this study are as follows;1) From the historical view of this area, in the conflict condition, there were three types of the interrelation between kinseisonrakus which affected their economic interests to each other.(1) The phase of confrontation had been continued (A↔B).(2) The phase of concord had been continued (A·B↔C). But the cases of this type were relatively few.(3) The types of (1) and (2) had appeared alternatively.Thus, in the conflict condition, as seen in the cases of A or B, each kinseisonraku had formed an independent unit, though it was a small settlement with less than 50 households.2) When A and B are in confrontation (A↔B) with each other by conflict, A is regarded as independent of B in terms of a unit of society at this time. Similarly, when in concord (A·B↔C), A and B are regarded as an inseparable unit of society at this time. By some examples of conflicts with regard to fishery, these units of society are maintained for a given time while the conflicts continue or occur in high frequency even intermittently.3) The kinseisonraku's interrelation such as confrontation (A↔B) and concord (A·B↔C) showed various aspects according to the causes of the conflict, the parties in conflicts and the kinds and norms with regard to fishery.4) There were a few examples of the special inter-relation between a conflict and the other conflict.(1) One of them is shown by the scheme such as A↔B and B↔C. It was the relation between cause and effect, and a conflict was due to the other conflict.(2) Another example is shown by the design A↔B and A·B↔C. In this case, A and B were in conflict for their own interests on the one hand, and in the conflict condition with C, A and B were in concord on the other hand.Thus, the interrelation between A and B had been influenced by the interrelation of A or B versus C, or the interrelation of A and B versus C.In this study, the author showed the cases of the conflicts with regard to fishery, by using historcal documents. If kinseisonrakus were not in conflict condition, they were in order. And it should be said that the history of the interrelation between kinseisonrakus had been in the process of repetition of conflict and order.Interrelations between communities can be analysed by the various aspects such as social, cultural and economic activities. But it should be clarified in which conditions the interrelations between communities are, either conflict or order. In the broad sense, the conflict contains mental struggle between small groups and disorder by force between large groups, and it is an inevitable phase in society. Accordingly, it is useful to analyse historically the forming process of conflict units in the conflict condition, and this will lead to clarify the meaning of community and the interrelations between communities being in order.
- 東北地理学会の論文