カナダ,南オンタリオの農業地域区分,1951-1971
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概要
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The aim of this paper is to classify Southern Ontario's diverse agriculture in order to illustrate the chief characteristics of agricultural regions of Southern Ontario. For the classification the present paper attempted to construct a Southern Ontario's agricultural typology or agricultural regionalization.In this paper agricultural enterprise types were determined by agricultural product sales combination using John Weaver's method as modified by K. Doi (1972). Although there are 20 items in the Census of Agriculture, Ontario, the present study combined them into 11 items. The percentage of each product sales to the total agricultural product sales for each census subdivision (i. e. townships) was calculated and the appropriate combinations were determined. Based on the distribution patterns of enterprise combinations, agricultural regions of Southern Ontario for 1951, 1961 and 1971 were identified refering to my own field works and previous studies.In 1951 a mixed farming region where livestock and feed crops were produced extended widely from the southern part to the central part of Southern Ontario. In eastern part the combination of cattle and dairy products was dominant. Areas specializing to one agricultural product were small in number except for the Niagara fruit belt and the tobacco-growing region in the Norfork sand plain.From 1951 to 1971 the number of areas specializing to a specific crop increased, i. e., agriculture of each area of Southern Ontario changed to be adapted for its environmental conditions. In the Canadian Shield cattle grazing developed and dairy farming expanded in the urban shadows of Ottawa and Montreal. Grain corn cultivation became to be concentrated in the southern part of Southern Ontario. In the vicinity of Metropolitan Toronto, a horticultural region was formed to meet a great demand for vegetables and nursery crops by city people.In this way changes in agricultural regions of Southern Ontario from 1951 to 1971 show that physical conditions such as soils, topography and climate, and influences of large cities are the most important ones among various environmental factors to rearrange the regional patterns of Southern Ontario's agriculture.