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HLA-A, B and C antigens in 46 patients with chronic pancreatitis were studied. Patients were divided into the following two groups; one was chronic alcoholic pancreatitis (28 patients) and the other was chronic idiopathic pancreatitis (18 patients). One handred and twenty unrelated healthy controls were also examined.Fourteen of 18 patients with chronic idiopathic pancreatitis were found to have HLA-B 5 compared to 41 of 120 controls. This was statistically significant (x2=10.666, P<0.002, corrected P<0.05).Recently HLA-B5 was splited into the two antigens; one was HLA-BW51 and the other was HLA-BW52. These antigens were typed in 14 patients with chronic idiopathic pancreatitis and 70 healthy controls. HLA-BW51 was recongnized in 50% of the patients with chronic idiopathic pancreatitis whereas only 14.3% of controls had this antigen which was statistically significant (x2=10.788, P<0.002, corrected P<0.05).No HLA antigens of locus A, B and C were found which had a close correlation with chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. However six of 7 patients with the onset of the disease in 40 years of age or older but no pancreatic calcification were found to have HLA-B7. This frequency was significantly increased (x2=13.061, P<0.001, corrected P<0.05).These results suggest that some genetic factors associated with HLA-BW51 may contribute to the development of chronic idiopathic pancreatitis. And also the presense of HLA-B7 may be one of the contributing factors for the progression of some type of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis.