京阪神大都市圏における小売商業機能の立地変動 : 大都市圏の構造変化の一局面
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概要
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In recent years a new view has emerged that some of the metropolitan areas are now altering their fundamental structure. Because of the suburbanization of the population and industries of the central city, even the population of the metropolitan area as the commuter area of the central city has began to decline. According to this view this situation means that the monocentric structure of the metropolitan area is changing into a structure which has multiple cores. It has been asserted that some of the Japanese metropolitan areas are also nearing this situation. In Japanese metropolitan areas, too, the population, manufacturing and retail functions of the central city are now suburbanizing.In this paper the change of the structure in the metropolitan area is verified through the investigation of the suburbanizing process of retail functions. Retail functions are the most typical of the functions which are rapidly suburbanizing these days. In the same way that commuters are attracted by the functions of places of employment, the functions of retail districts in attracting consumers contributes to the formation of the metropolitan area as a functional region. The suburbanization of the retail function is analyzed from two sides. In the first place, the Index of Population Specialization in the retail function of each administrative unit (cities, wards, towns, and villages) is calculated.S=Ri/Pi/Rm/PmS: Index of Population Specialization R: Agglomeration of the Retail FunctionP: Population i: Administrative unit m: Total of the metropilitan areaR is calculated as follows.R=∑Ej·WjE: Number of the persons engaged by industryW: Weight from the value of annual sales per one employed personj: Industry (intermediate group)Secondly the change of the commercial districts where consumers in the metropolitan area go to buy are examined.The results of these analyses are as follows: The retail functions of most units in the suburbs are supplying almost all the demand of their population. It is not only convenience goods but also shopping goods that come to be supplied in the suburb. The commercial districts at the core of the central cities however maintain their position. And it is the retail functions of the units in the inner city, except for the cores, and the units at the edge of metropolitan area that are stagnant.The structure of retail functions in the Keihanshin metropolitan area once showed a differential between the commercial districts of the central cities and those of the suburbs. But only the commercial districts of the core now maintain the differential. In such a manner, at least as far as retail functions are concerned, the monocentric structure of the metropolitan area is evidently declining step by step. It is supposed that these districts keep their position due to the qualitative changes of the commercial districts in the core of the central city as posited by Western urban studies. These changes and the new structures must be clarified, with this in mind, it is necessary to throw light on the growth of the suburb and its relation to the core.
- 人文地理学会の論文