工業およびサービス業に特化した都市についての一考察 : 産業別従業者を指標として
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概要
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The purpose of this paper is to examine the spatial characteristics of manufacturing cities and service cities in Japan during 1975-1986. Manufacturing cities and service cities are defined by the Location Quotient (L. Q.). The formula of L. Q. is:L.Q.=Oi/Op/Ni/NpWhere Oi is the number of employed persons in industry i in a given city, Op is the number of employed persons in all industries in a given city, Ni is the number of employed persons in industry i in all cities, and Np is the number of employed persons in all industries in all cities.Thus, a manufacturing city is defined as one where the L. Q. of manufacturing is above 1.0 and the L. Q. of services is below 1.0, and a service city is defined as one where the L. Q. of services is above 1.0 and the L. Q. of manufacturing is under 1.0.The number of service cities is increasing with the strong growth of service industries. These cities have large populations. On the contrary, the size of new manufacturing cities is generally small.In the provincial regions, there are many service cities which are specialized in consumer services, but as a resulf of the spatial division of labor, there are also some manufacturing cities, where the labor-intensive sector is dominant.In contrast, the core area shows a very diversified spatial pattern. Manufacturing cities and service cities are situated in complex forms, and some manufacturing cities are changing into service cities, and vice versa. This is a result of various economic activities competing with each other in the metropolitan area.
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