秋田における都市構造の歴史的再編

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Akita has been the center of Akita Prefecture since the Satake family based their government there in the first quarter of the seventeenth century. Its population in 1990 was about 300, 000. The purpose of the present paper is to show how the current urban area of this city has been changed from its original castle town and to interpret the process of this change as transformation from the mosaic structure planned and built by a feudal lord to the structure which has grown in a piecemeal and unplanned manner under a variety of influences. Attention is forcused on the historic core of today's Akita, the original castle town site, and then the changes of land use of the city have been reconstructed based on various historical maps and writings.During the Edo period the town of Akita was constructed in order to defend Satake's castle against enemies and the spatial relations in the town were arranged to maintain an appropriate structure. The town had a clear residential segregation according to the status and occupation of inhabitants. Some distinctive types of areas have been identified: retainers' areas-which consisted of high-vassal, middle-vassal, low-vassal and footmen areas, -merchant and artisan areas, and temple zones. Each of these areas and zones was distributed surrounding the castle and showed a marked homogeneity.After the Meiji Restoration of 1868, Satake's organizing force within the town disappeared. But the traditional pattern of the town as a whole remained almost intact.Accompanying a steady growth of Akita from the end of the nineteenth century, a series of functional areas, which once composed the castle town, has grown in association with public institutions, a railway station and large factories, each of which was built in and just outside the old town. As a result, the land use of the city was changed and the new urban structure produced by the operation of natural process was established. Until the 1950's the pattern of arrangement of functional areas within the old castle town was only modified a little.In the 1960's the central business district extended eastwards towards the railway station and westwards towards the government office center which was set up on the urban fringe. However, the inner city of today still locally preserves the functional areas based on the original castle town.The present writer distinguishes the new structure from the old one in terms of the way in which a whole urban area is produced. We can understand that the nature of the original urban mosaic structure was replaced by the new structure characterized as an integrated region, even though the legacy of the old town was not wholly eliminated. If we take account of the fact that the segregation of functions in different areas within the castle town of the Edo period was already discerned, the transformation mentioned above can be represented as reorganization rather than as differentiation.
人文地理学会の論文

秋田における都市構造の歴史的再編

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