地理学における物流研究の展開とその課題 : 近年のアングロサクソン系諸国の研究を中心として

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概要

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• Recently, interest in physical distribution has increased in economic geography.The author has submitted a paper entitled ‘Physical Distribution Studies in Japanese Geography’ to Progress in Human Geography, Vol. 18 with Prof. Yoshitaka Ishikawa.In the conclusion, we find many Japanese studies of physical distribution are mainly empirical case studies. Their interests are the confirmation of dispatching and catching areas of particular locations of production and consumption and their spatial hierarchy.In the last five decades, the Japanese economy has experienced drastic changes. Geographers have accumulated many studies of regional or interregional patterns of freight flows. However, they have not fully shown concern for industrial organization and corporate behaviour.Have as the characteristic of Japanese physical distribution system, Just-in-Time, keiretsu and so on organized the spatial patterns of freight flows truly efficiently or? This important problem remains unexplored by Japanese geographers. Moreover, the author reviewed physical distribution studies of Anglo-Saxon countries in recent years to look for useful viewpoints to advance Japanese physical distribution studies in this paper. Their main themes are as follows;1. In addition to quantitative studies on the structure of freight flows, studies about spatial patterns of physical distribution systems have developed. Both must not be mutually exclusive, but complementary.2. The existing concept of transport cost is monetary cost incurred in overcoming geographical distance. However, today, in the analysis of location and agglomeration of industries, the Anglo-Saxon geographers must consider the notion of transaction costs between corporations.3. Geographers concern about international trade and freight flows has increased. In studies of international trade, the notion of general equilibrium has been reexamined. So, both in economics and geography, great importance has been placed on the notions of external economies and agglomeration of industries in studying the international trade. In the studies of international freight flow, containerization and multimodal transportation have become main subjects as well.4. In order to explain the restructuring of industries, the key words of regulation approach, flexible production system and flexible accumulation have become popular among Anglo-Saxon geographers. Many geographers have shown great interests in Just-in-Time and Toyotism. The spatial division of flexible production systems and labour is called vertical disintegration. However, the wider the spatial dispersion of producers, the more expensive the transport, information exchange costs and so on will be. Then, the selected sets of producers are organized in the system called Just-in-Time.The subject we have to explore is whether Just-in-Time is comprehended as a flexible production system or Post-Fordism.Adding to these subjects, spatial patterns of physical distribution system have to be reexamined from the viewpoints of environmental pollution and social costs.

• 人文地理学会の論文

著者

• 野尻 亘

  新潟大学教育学部

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• 地理学における物流研究の展開とその課題 : 近年のアングロサクソン系諸国の研究を中心として

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