炭酸ガスを一成分とする高分子合成 (有機合成における炭酸ガスの利用<特集>)
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概要
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Syntheses of high polymers using carbon dioxide as a direct starting material have been discovered rather recently. The first example is the alternating copolymerization of carbon dioxide and epoxide to give aliphatic polycarbonate with high molecular weight. Effective catalyst system is the reaction mixture of diethylzinc and water or other compounds with two active hydrogens. The mode of ring opening of epoxide in the copolymerization has been studied intensively. Carbon dioxide-epoxide copolymer is thermally decomposed to give cyclic carbonate. The copolymer is rather readily hydrolyzed. N-phenylethyleneimine copolymerizes with carbon dioxide by acidic catalyst to give copolymer with urethane linkage. Ethyleneimine and propyleneimine give similar copolymers without using any catalyst. Vinyl ether copolymerizes with carbon dioxide to give copolymer having keto and ester groups. Butadiene also copolymerizes to give a rubbery, insoluble product. Copolymerization of cyclic phosphonate, acrylonitrile and carbon dioxide gives a sequential ternary copolymer. Condensation polymerization of carbon dioxide and aromatic diamine in the presence of diphenyl phosphite and pyridine gives polyurea with high molecular weight under mild conditions.
- 社団法人 有機合成化学協会の論文