仙台湾ブリの生産に関する群集生態学的研究-II : 食物連鎖と魚類相の関係
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概要
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In order to obtain the distinctive features of fish fauna in typical areas of Sendai Bay, fluctuations in the amount of each species caught by set-nets have been investgiated. Comparing the species compositions between areas, the coast of Sendai Bay can be divided into four biological areas. These partitions help to understand the distributive patterns of benthic animals and the water mass in the Bay. This distributive phenomena suggests that there is close interspecies relationship in each of the growth stages of the fishes and are adaptationally connected to several conditions of the nonorganic environment. In a period of temperature rise, many species of fish appear in each area followed by one after the other, and most of the main species are already in the areas by late August, when the water temperature begins to show a descending tendency. From the view point of the tendency for peaks in the amount of catch, at intervals of ten days, it was recognized that the peaks in catch at any one time is composed of not more than five species at the maximum, and generally two or more species, linked either with predator-prey relationships, and scarcely overlap with each other in a restricted space. In addition to the amberfish (Seriola quinqueradiata) community, we can find many species of fish which prefer the anchovy to other foods, though the formation mechanism of communities is not always identical to that of the amberfish community. Species population show a dynamic life pattern corresponding to several growth stages peculiar to the species, and changes the state of distribution and aggregation. In such dynamic process of life, a species population is connected closely to other species populations owing to predator-prey relationshps, and they form a biotic community. This paper deals with a phase of the community constructed by several populations that extend over a wide area. Picking up typical terminal species from fish fauna in the Sendai Bay, the types of community formation, as a part of the whole, have been classified into three classes; waiting type, sojourning type and passing type. These three types of community have the common feature in a point that they include the anchovy as a principal member in a community. However, it is reasonable to consider the main part of the community as separate from other communities in time and space, and that two or more communities rarely hold a common school of the same anchovy population, but connect some definite school of fish.
- 公益社団法人 日本水産学会の論文