水産動物内臓油利用に関する研究-II : 水産動物内臓よりビタミン油製造に関する研究(その2)溶剤抽出による採油法の検討

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It has already been described in the previous paper1) that the conventional method of alkali digestion can not always be regarded as a satisfactory means of obtaining vitamin oil from viscera of aquatic animals because the operative simplicity of this method is usually canceled by its failure in giving any good yield when applied to raw materials containing vitamin A at high concentrations but as dissolved in small quantities of oil. In the present work, hereupon, several methods are presented and examined of their actual effects, wherein it is planned that the above-mentioned type of defect incidental to the conventional alkali digestion may be evaded and accordingly that vitamin A extraction may be carried out with an improved yield by employing some organic solvents as extractant. The method presented and the results thereby attained are outlined as follows;1) Examining a method presented as an improvement of the conventional alkali digestion and consisting of extracting previously alkali-digested viscera with benzene or petroleum ben-zine in place of picking-up oil, the results shown in Tables 1 and 2 were obtained. This method proved not only as able to be easily carried out without causing any serious reduction in the yield of vitamin A but also to allow vitamin oil to be obtained in a state of high vitamin A unit as it is relieved from the otherwise dilution of vitamin A due to the preserve of picking-up oil. 2) Examining a method comprising subjecting a raw viscera previously curtailed by centrifugation in its water content but remaining still moist to multiple extractions with hot alcohol, the results shown in Table 3 were obtained. As confirmed from these data, the use of alcohol as a solvent behaving with different strengths in dissolving fatty acids, neutral oils, vitamin A and etc., respectively, enables an oil fraction having a high acid value to be preferentially and hence separately extracted leaving a vitamin oil fraction behind which can afterwards be extracted as substantially freed from acid impurities and appreciably enriched with vitamin A, the yield of vitamin A being also able to amount in total to quite a satisfactory value. 3) Examing a few methods somewhat different from one another as regards the procedure of preparing ground samples of viscera but mutually analogous in respect of the nonpolarity of the solvents used as extractant for vitamin A, the results shown in Tables 4 and 5 were obtained. These results demonstrate that the method comprising subjecting raw material viscera previously dehydrated in vacuum to extraction with petroleum ether is able to be carried out with high yields of vitamin A and gives promise of its effective application on an industrial scale. 4) In carrying out the above-mentioned type of nonpolar solvent extraction with n-hexane as extractant on an industrial scale, vitamin oil was successfully obtained always with a satisfactory yield (see Tables 6 and 7). The high yield of vitamin A invariably attained in this industrial examination manifests that this method of multiple extraction with non-polar solvent is truly free from said type of drawback encounted in the conventional alkali digestion. Further, by comparing this solvent extraction method with the alkali digestion method in respect of financial productivity for vitamin A (see Table 8), it was confirmed that the solvent extraction method can make a very effective process in the industrial field of vitamin A production.

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曽根博
理研ビタミン

水産動物内臓油利用に関する研究-II : 水産動物内臓よりビタミン油製造に関する研究(その2)溶剤抽出による採油法の検討

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