水産動物内臓油利用に関する研究-1-

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概要

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• As a first step of this sequence of studies, the author made some inquiries into the alkali digestion method which is most popularized among the methods adopted in obtaining vitamin oil from viscera of aquatic animals and carried out usually according to the scheme shown in Fig. 1. Examining in the first place the effect of a few modifications of elementary working conditions on the amount of vitamin A reserved in raw material viscera in the digestion stage of process (see Tables 1 and 2), it was suggested that the possible decomposition of vitamin A accelerated by acidity increase of oil in raw material may surely be minimized by using highly fresh material and also that the use of alkali in the digestion is rather undesirable but for its merit of facilitating the removal of acid oil. It should also be noticed from the results shown in Tables 1 and 2 that some internal organs are possible to be higher in vitamin A content than liver at least in the case of "aburagarei", Athresthes evermanni. The results obtained in the examination next made into the influences of temperature, time, alkali strength and use of picking-up oil on the yield of vitamin A in alkali digestion (see Tables 3-6) indicated that these elementary conditions should be well managed according to tightness of the tissue to be digested and further that use of the more drastic conditions is connected on the one hand with a merit of enabling vitamin A to be extracted at the higher yield and concentration but, on the other hand, inevitably with the danger of the more readily causing the same not only to be washed away into drainage but also to be decomposed in thermal digestion of raw material tissue. Further, alkali digestion being carried out on an industrial scale, it was examined how the difference in species of raw material fish can effect the partition of vitamin A among drainage, wash water and vitamin oil. As regards the result obtained in this examination (see Table 7), it should be particularly noticed that alkali digestion is possible to impose not a small loss of vitamin A on a raw material fish with a relatively high content of vitamin A and a relatively low content of oily matters as a whole perhaps owing to the situation of that, besides the stronger tendency to suffering oxidative decomposition of the more concentrated vitamin A, a great portion of oil in viscera of such raw material fish behaves in most cases as a soap-forming fraction. In the end of the present paper, there are brought forward a result formulated from totalization of the data for 142 runs of oil extraction wherein several kinds of fishes and whales generally making the raw material in vitamin oil industry were processed by means of an industrial oil extractor (see Table 8 and Fig. 2). It will be apprehended from the result that a liver tight in the structure of tissue like that of a whale is prone to give only a low yield of vitamin A as compared with a liver loose in tissue like that of a shark or another kind of fish as a result of its requiring a rather drastic treatment in the process of alkali digestion.

• 社団法人 日本水産学会の論文

著者

• 曽根 博

  理研ビタミン

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