湧水の溶存窒素ガス含有量 : 魚類のガス病誘發原因としての窒素ガス過飽和溶存について
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Many springs and flowing wells are distributed in northern vicinity of Odawara. City, Kanagawa Prefecture. Throughout the four seasons, clear ground water is continually flowing out of every well and spring, supplying for domestic and industrial ?? urpose. Although the waters of this district are considered to be of good quality in their chemical properties, curious to say, fishes can hardly be kept alive in these waters. Fishes, when put into these waters just flowed out, soon fall in an unhealthy condition and can not survive long. Gas contents were examined. Sufficient quantity of oxygen for the life of fish was proved to be dissolved in these waters, but nitrogen gas contents indicated abnormally high supersaturations. After some experiments, we reached to the conclusion that the death of fishes in these waters must have been brought about by so-called “gas-disease” caused by the abnormally high supersatuation of the nitrogen dissolved in the ground water. Experiments also teach us that the supersaturation values of the nitrogen above 130% in the water are fatal to fishes. The gas-disease of fish is considered pathologically to be similar to the caison-disease and the diver-disease of man and give us many interesting and important problems for scientific investigation both from theoretical and applied point of view. EGUSA. one of the authors, is now studying the subjects and the results of which will be reported in near future. In this report we will confine ourselves in the quantitative determination of the nitrogen gas in the flowing water of the distict. The summary is as follows: 1.) The flowing water of all of the fifteen artesian wells and two springs we visited and investigated showed the supersaturation of nitrogen gas. The values obtained ranged from 118 to 159%, but were mostly above 140% (Fig. 1. and Table 1.). 2.) It was observed that each well and spring has its specific supersaturation values of nitrogen stationary for a long period. The oxygen contents showed greater fluctuations compared with those of nitrogen (Table 3, 4 and 5.). 3.) Two artesian wells, the waters of which were also known to induce the gas-disease upon fishes, were found in other districts and their waters were investigated. Both wells showed very high supersturations of nitrogen (146 and 161%), but very low values of dissolved oxygen (below 10%) (Table 2.).
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