氷多結晶の歪焼鈍による結晶成長
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Experimental studies on the strain-annealing mechanism of crystal growth in polycrystalline ice were carried out for making clear the growth mechanism of large single crystals of ice in temperate glaciers. Tabular specimens (2 × 2 × 0.2 cm<SUP>2</SUP>) consisting of randomly oriented minute crystals (several mm diameters) were subjected to the compressive stress applied perpendicular to the normal of the observed specimen surface (Photo 1 and Fig. 2). Stress of 8.5 kg/cm<SUP>2</SUP> was released after 4 hours' application of load, then, the specimen was annealed for about 2030 hours. This strain-annealing process was repeated twice for various specimens at different temperatures ranging from -1°C to-4°C.<BR>Processes of crystal growth were observed and photographed by the transmitted light through crossed polaroids (Photo 1 and Fig. 2). Analysis of the photographs revealed that almost all of the original grains disappeared in the first process (Fig. 3), and recrystallization occured in the expanded vague regions of crystal boundaries. Average grain size increased several times (in area) after two cycles of the strain-annealing processes.<BR><I>C</I>-axis orientations of individual crystals in a specimen were determined by X-ray Laue photographs taken before and after each experiment. The initial random distribution of the orientations changed to a characteristic one (Fig. 7) which suggested that they tend to converge in two directions; one is normal to the observed surface, and the other 45° to the direction of compressive stress.<BR>Results of the experiments indicate the importance of recrystallization under our experimental condition of stress. Different stored energy in individual crystals caused by the anisotropy of yield stress of the ice crystal is the major factor of the determining the recrystallizing centers in the polycrystalline ice. Feasibility of the motion of dislocations in individual crystals with respect to the disposition of neighboring crystals controls the modes of <I>c</I>-axis orientations as described above.
- 社団法人 日本雪氷学会の論文
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