知覚された孤独感の多次元的分析
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概要
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To examine the dimensions of perceived loneliness among high, middle, and low levels of loneliness, 91 male and 91 female students were administered the revised UCLA Loneliness Scale and a perceived loneliness questionnaire. The UCLA Loneliness Scale consists of 10 positively-worded and 10 negatively-worded items. Responses to each of these items were given on a 4-point rating scale which ranged from never, rarely, sometimes, to often. To measure perceived loneliness, descriptions of 13 hypothetical lonely persons were presented to subjects. These descriptions were adopted from the research on the thirteen causes of loneliness by Michela, Peplau, and Weeks (1982). Subjects received the following written instructions: "On the following page you will find thirteen descriptions of thirteen hypothetical persons. I want you to read these carefully one by one and estimate to what degree each hypothetical person feels loneliness." Estimations of each of these hypothetical persons were given on a 4-point rating scale which ranged from not at alb slightly, somewhat, to very much.<BR>Because the raw score was in the form of successive categorical data, the method of dual scaling was applied to the raw scores obtained from the UCLA Loneliness Scale for all subjects. Subjects were classified as being of high, middle, or low levels of loneliness based on a score from the dual scaling: 26 male and 6 female students of high level loneliness, 16 male and 16 female students of middle level loneliness, and 10 male and 24 female students were of low level loneliness. A test of sex difference was conducted by comparing frequencies of students on three levels of loneliness. A significant sex difference was found with there being significantly more lonely men than lonely women. In order to obtain information on the difference in judgements of loneliness of hypothetical persons in six samples, rank orders of judgements of loneliness for all samples were also based on numerical values by using the technique of scaling. The rank order data(13 hypothetical persons X 6 samples)were subjected to the method of dual scaling again, and two-dimensional solutions extracted. In the first dimension, the optimal weights of samples showed positive high values except for the high loneliness level of women, and the optimal weights for hypothetical persons traits: pessimism, others lack of trying, others groups, and fear of rejection showed positive high values, while those of lack of trying and unpleasant personality showed negative high values. The high loneliness level of women showed positive high optimal weight in the second dimension; in contrast, the low loneliness level of men showed negative high optimal weight. The hypothetical persons with the traits: are shyness, physical unattractive, and fear of rejection showed positive optimal weights and those with others fear and pessimism showed negative optimal weights.