マムルーク朝末期の対フランク関係とアレキサンドリア総督職
スポンサーリンク
概要
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As one step to clarify the changing of the order in the Eastern Mediterranean World in the first half of the sixteennth century, this paper examines a few of Mamluk relationships with Franks (Firanj) in their late age, mainly under the reign of Sultan al-Ashraf Qaytbay (reigned 1468-96) and Qansuh al-Ghauri (1501-16), from the contemporary Arabic narrative sources. The viewpoint in this paper is that paying attention to Alexandria which had been one of the most important seaports located on the Mamluk border at the Eastern Mediterranean and examining the role of the viceroy (naib) at that place in connection with the relationships with Franks.Concerning to the amirs appointed to the viceroyship of Alexandria in the whole Mamluk age, a study was done by A. Abd ar-Raziq about their names, grades, and periods of their office. However, the present authors examination on the sources of the late Mamluk age sheds some lights on the aspects which Abd ar-Raziq did not mention. It can be surmise that the viceroyship of Alexandria at the age was assigned to the Amir of Fourty (amir tablkhanah) or the Amir of Ten (amirashara) as a general. On the other hand, two amirs who remained in their viceroyship after they were promoted to the grade of amir muqaddam are noteworthy; Qijimas (period of office 1471-78) and Khudabirdi (at least before 1505-1516).The periods of their viceroyship coincided with that which the records concerning to the raiding activities of Franks, probably the Knights of St. John, and the countermeasures taken by the Mamluks appear in the sources. The Mamluks at these periods required to strengthen their defence against the Franks in Alexandria. It can be said that such policy had been carried out by the viceroys whose grade was higher than usual. And also there were the cases that the viceroys of Alexandria at such periods should take the Frank residents into custody under the orders of sultans who intended to control their relations with Frankish powers.