12イマーム派における人物録の独自性の分析
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概要
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In the Twelver Shii belief, the reports (ahadith/akhbar), are considered to be authoritative sources of religious and legal guidance. In the Usuli legal school of thought, the categorization of a report to obtain legal knowledge is based heavily on an assessment of the reliability of its transmitters. It is the so-called rijal books that gives the information about the transmitters. That is why emphasis has been given to rijal books along with collections and records of reports and many works on this subject have been written from the early days of Shii history. However, the Akhbari scholars criticized the Usuli method of determining the reliability of transmitters through information given in rijal texts. They said that the categorization of reports based on the reliability of transmitters was assumptive and not objective, and therefore could not be trusted.In this article, so-called four Shii fundamental rijal books are analyzed. These texts were written or composed by classical Shii scholars (al-qudama) in Baghdad in the 1st half of the 5th A. H./11th century. They won great popularity among Usuli scholars and regarded the earliest and most reliable sources of information on the direct or contemporary transmitters of Imams sayings. They had great influence on the assessment of transmitters in later rijal texts as well.Through a comparison of these books, it is apparent that the judgement of the transmitters in these four fundamental rijal books is not so consistent, categorically or in norm, as has been claimed in the Usuli scholars. These books could be similar to the Sunni rijal books in style but different in element and motive. For Twelver Shia, rijal books give the information about al-nass that makes the absolute knowledge from Imams continuously existent among the people.
- 社団法人 日本オリエント学会の論文