ペルシア文学におけるカリーラとディムナ

概要

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Pancatantra, famous collection of animal fables of Indian origin, was translated into Middle Persian by Burzoe in the sixth century, but this version was lost. In the eighth century, Ibn al-Muqaffa translated the Middle Persian version into Arabic prose and named it “Kalila wa Dimna” after the names of two jackals in the text. This Arabic translation became the basis for subsequent Persian versions.First of all, in the tenth century the famous poet of the Samanid court, Rudaki put the Arabic version into Persian verse form at Amir Nasrs request, but no more than several verses of this epic have survived.Abu al-Maali Nasr Allah, probably a native of Shiraz, translated the Arabic version into Persian prose about 1144, which was dedicated to Bahram-Shah of Ghazna. This version was made in such an elegant style that it had effect on many later Persian works, such as “Akhlaq-i-Nasiri” and “Marzban-nameh”.About the end of the fifteenth century Husain Waiz Kashifi made by far the best known Persian version, entitled “Anwar-i-Suhaili”, which was aimed at simplifying and popularising Nasr Allahs version. But his style was much more bombastic and florid, with many exaggerated expressions and considerably expanded parts.This bombastic version became simplified in India and Abu al-Fadl, a famous historian and minister under Akbar, compiled a book, entitled “Iyar-i-Danish”, which was derived from Kashifis version.