前庭眼反射と固視機能
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In order to clarify the relationships between the vestibulo-ocular reflex and gaze stabilization, the ratios of eye velocity to head velocity (gains) obtained under the alert-in-dark condition, target-fixed-in-space condition, and head-fixed target condition were compared among normal adults, normal children, patients with cerebellar lesions, patients with unilateral loss of labyrinthine function and patients with bilateral loss of labyrinthine function. The following results were obtained.1. Spatial gaze fixation, executed by either right or left VOR arc according to the direction of head rotation, is impaired by a pathological decline of the VOR gain which cannot be compensated for by the recalibration of the VOR in the light. Cerebellar dysfunction does not profoundly affect spatial gaze fixation.2. Fixation-induced suppression of the VOR depends on the smooth pursuit function, with immaturity (children) or hypofunction (cerebellar lesions) increasing the VOR gain in the dark. The function is not affected by a decrease of the VOR gain in peripheral labyrinthine lesions.3. The ability of fixation-induced suppression of the VOR seems to have developed as an antagonist to the spatial gaze fixation to gaze at a spatially moving target. Although these functions work independently of each other, feedforward regulation by the efference copy of head velocity is common in both the mechanisms.4. VOR in the dark is controlled not only by the recalibrating mechanism of the gain to obtain spatial gaze fixation, but also by the perceptual control mechanism to gaze at a spatially moving target.
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