先天性サイトメガロウイルス感染症と難聴

概要

論文の詳細を見る
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, the most common congenital infection cause, occurs in 0.2-2.5% of all liveborns and causes 20-30% of congenital sensorineural hearing loss. We evaluated long-term audiometric follow-up for a mean average of 37 months in 18 infants with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection determined in serological and neonatal urine CMV DNA tests, i.e. congenital CMV infection identified in PCR urine analysis. Of these, only 2 were symptomatic. Hearing loss was detected in 1 of these (50%) symptomatic cases and 4 (25%) asymptomatic in the first audiometric evaluation. The symptomatic infant suffered profound unilateral hearing loss. Two of the asymptomatic 4 had mild hearing loss and 1 profound. Longitudinal audiometric evaluation in asymptomatic infants showed 2 passing newborn screening to have delayed-onset hearing loss, 2 progressive hearing loss, and 2 hearing loss improvement. The 2 rendered deaf with delayed-onset and progressive loss underwent cochlear implantation. Combining neonatal CMV screening and audiometric follow-up for 3 years should be considered in congenital CMV infection. Clinical trials evaluating ganciclovir and valganciclovir in treating CMV-based hearing loss have reported effective hearing loss reduction, although research and development remains vital for further improving such outcomes.