水害常習地における治水政策の受容とその費用負担に関する一考察 : 明治期の鶴見川流域を例として

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The Tsurumi River, noted for its frequent inundations, was not within the scope of the national or prefectural flood control programs in the Meiji era, because the Tsurumi River was too short to be covered by the national flood control policies under the old River Act after 1886. Flood control works for the Tsurumi River were left to private activities at the expense of the local land owners in the Meiji era.<BR>The Water Use and Reclamation Cooperative, which was founded in 1888 for the middle and lower reaches of the Tsurumi River, remained inactive and failed to develop either to a more organized water use cooperative or to a flood prevention cooperative in the Meiji era, mainly because of a substantial regional diversity of water use and flood risk.<BR>Among the various local flood control works, two types of sharing expenses have been identified through the fieldwork. The first and main type was applied to many smaller works, where shares were not equal and owners or users of the land at the outer side of the banks bore much more than those at the inner side of the banks. The second and minor type was applied to larger works, where total expense was almost equally shared by all the land owners or users involved, by land area or by per capita base.<BR>The serious floods at the end of the Meiji era (the late 1900s) was a turning point which resulted in the construction of modern banks at the middle reaches of the Tsurumi River by Kanagawa Prefectural Government, although a heavy burden to the local land owners was involved. The heavy share to the local people was also applied to the flood control expenses at the beginning of the Taisho era (the 1910s) for the Tama River, which affected the Tsurumi River Basin as well as the lower reaches of the Tama River. The local people in the middle and lower reaches of the Tsurumi River organized the Tsurumi River Union in the early 1920s, to campaign for flood control works at the expense of the national government, which was eventually realized in the 1930s. The running cost of the union was shared by the villages involved according to the flood damage at the end of the Meiji era.<BR>The regional diversity of flood risk resulted in unequal shares of flood control expenses. The system of unequal imposition continued for a long time until the major flood control works at the public expenses were realized.
社団法人東京地学協会の論文

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内田和子
東京都教育委員会

水害常習地における治水政策の受容とその費用負担に関する一考察 : 明治期の鶴見川流域を例として

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