Wake behavior and its effect on interaction between spherical-cap bubbles.

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The dynamical behavior of a single and a pair of spherical-cap bubbles was investigated while they were held stationary by means of a downward liquid flow in a vertical channel. No significant differences were found in behavior such as bubble geometry, rising velocity, or liquid velocity profile around a bubble, for free-rising bubbles in a stationary liquid pool and for the present bubbles held stationary in a water channel. The fluid dynamical properties of the wake behind spherical-cap bubbles were classified by Reynolds number, as a laminar wake (10<Re<90), a transitional wake (90<Ree<500), and a turbulent wake (Re>500). The laminar wakes of the preceding bubbles had a decisive effect on the rising velocity of the trailing bubbles, in which an additional velocity component caused by the wakes of the preceding bubbles was correlated well with the wake velocities. The turbulent wakes had a limited effect on the acceleration of the trailing bubbles and often caused them to break up.
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