Effects of Ultraviolet Light on Growth, Essential Oil Concentration, and Total Antioxidant Capacity of Japanese Mint
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To study the effects of ultraviolet (UV) light on the essential oil concentration in Japanese mint (Mentha arvensis L. var. piperascens), we exposed the plants to different combinations of irradiation with a white fluorescent lamp (W), UV-A fluorescent lamp (UVA; peak wavelength, 360 nm), and UV-B fluorescent lamp (UVB; peak wavelength, 306 nm). Japanese mint transplants hydroponically grown from a rhizome in a controlled environment were used as the plant material. Young plants were cultivated in growth chambers [air temperature, 25/23°C; photosynthetic photon flux, 250 μmol·m−2·s−1; CO2 concentration, 1,000 μmol·mol−1] under the following light conditions: W, W+ UVA (2.0 mW·m−2, 315–400 nm), W+UVB (0.5 mW·m−2, 280–350 nm), and W+UVA+ UVB (2.5 mW·m−2, 280–400 nm). The UV irradiation period was 2 h per day during the light period (12 h). After 7 days of irradiation, the plants grown in different light conditions showed no difference in the number of leaves and leaf area. The l-menthol and limonene concentrations and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the upper leaves of plants grown under the W+UVB and W+UVA+UVB conditions were significantly higher than those in the upper leaves of plants grown under the W condition. The upper leaves unfolded after the initiation of UV irradiation; further, supplemental UV-B irradiation seemed to increase the essential oil concentration and the TAC of the leaves. These results suggest that longer supplemental UV-B irradiation of Japanese mint plants may increase the yield of essential oils per plant by increasing the number of leaves that contain high concentrations of essential oils.
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