開発分野におけるレジームの動態 : レジーム競合・調整の動因としてのアメリカ
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概要
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In recent years, the rapid advance of globalization has increased the importance of the control of globalization and the management of problems caused by globalization. Because any single state cannot solve these issues, we have increasingly recognized the importance of “global governance,” i. e., a centralized governance system in which actors cooperate in solving problems in international society. The current world governance system is, however, very decentralized and characterized as “regime complex,” in which multiple regimes proliferate, overlap, and conflict with each other. This makes it difficult for the international society to effectively manage the problems associated with globalization. Further, a regime complex will not necessarily evolve into global governance, even if regimes proliferate and network with each other to cover all the issue areas. Therefore, it will provide an insight into the future of the present decentralized governance system to investigate the relationships and the interactions between international regimes which constitute the current regime complex.This article empirically examines the process and mechanism of the proliferation of international regimes in the issue area of development, which is viewed by many as a representative example of a regime complex. Specifically, this article analyzes the influence of the U. S. foreign assistance policy on the dynamics of two major regimes-the World Bank and the United Nations-in the issue area of development. Among many factors, the U. S. foreign assistance policy and the attitude of the U. S. Congress toward foreign assistance policy had a dominant influence on the direction and scope of the activity of these two regimes. Therefore, examining the U. S. foreign assistance policy and its influence sheds a new light on the dynamics and interactions of two regimes.The first section describes the emergence of two “quasi-regimes” after the World War II, when the Allies did not consider development assistance as policy agenda. The second section examines how the U. S. induced these two “quasi-regimes” to compete with each other as norm entrepreneurs in the late 1960s. The third section explores how the accumulated evidence from case studies of development discouraged these two “quasi-regimes” from competing, how the proliferation of norms and the competition between regimes stagnated after the end of the Cold War, and how regimes started to coordinate with each other. The concluding section provides the following three implications; first, the competition of international regimes may help the development of the governance function and structure in the whole issue area; second, the interaction between international regimes may create new governing rules; third, the U. S. still has influence on the dynamics of international regimes.
- 財団法人 日本国際政治学会の論文