Cytogenetical and ecological studies of some wild congeneric species in the Solanaceae distributed in upper Egypt
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Cytogenetical and ecological studies in some species of the Solanaceae were made in the Mediterranean-type ecosystem in Upper Egypt. The chromosome complement of <I>Datura innoxia</I> (2n=24) consisted of 24 median-centromeric chromosomes; that of <I>D. stramonium</I> (2n=24) consisted of 22 median- and two submedian-centromeric chromosomes; that of <I>Hyoscyamus albus</I> (2n=68) consisted of 62 median- and six submedian-centromeric chromosomes, that of <I>H. muticus</I> (2n=28) consisted of 21 median- and seven submedian-centromeric chromosomes; that of <I>Withania somnifera</I> (2n=36; new count) consisted of 27 median- and nine submedian-centromeric chromosomes; and that of <I>Solanum nigrum</I> (2n=72) consists of 68 median and four submedian-centromeric chromosomes. Thirty-three reproducible polymorphic bands were resulted after four RAPD-PCR primers; those bands were used for studying the genetics similarity among the species. Average similarity coefficient was ranged from 0.05 to 0.47. RAPD bands resulted after PCR: <I>D. innoxia</I> and <I>D. stramonium</I> showed five bands each; <I>H. albus</I> and <I>H. muticus</I> showed two and one bands respectively; <I>W. somnifera</I> seven bands and <I>S. nigrum</I> showed 13 bands, different patterns were produced among congeneric species. Ionic status of hot water extract of the species revealed that <I>Hyoscyamus</I> species was more accumulated Na<SUP>+</SUP> and Ca<SUP>++</SUP>, while <I>Datura</I> species accumulated more K<SUP>+</SUP> and Mg<SUP>++</SUP> and <I>W. somnifera</I> and <I>S nigrum</I> were intermediate. These strategies of ionic accumulation were in relation to the different chromosome number of species, which might help for surviving the species in desert ecosystem.
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